The 2015 Ford Explorer represents a significant moment in the SUV's lifecycle, where the transition from older hydraulic steering systems to modern electric power steering was just beginning. For owners and mechanics alike, understanding the nuances of the 2015 Ford Explorer rack and pinion setup is crucial, as this component is the direct link between the steering wheel and the wheels on the ground. While this specific model year primarily utilizes a rack and pinion gear set driven by an electric motor, the legacy of the system and potential issues require attention.
Understanding the Steering System Architecture
To diagnose or repair the steering on a 2015 Explorer, one must first understand the architecture beneath the dashboard. Unlike older vehicles that used a traditional pitman arm connected to a gearbox, the 2015 model employs an electric power steering (EPS) system. The steering wheel angle sensor communicates with the Powertrain Control Module (PCM), which then sends a signal to the electric motor. This motor turns the rack and pinion, providing the necessary force to turn the wheels. This electronic integration means that a fault in the wiring or the motor itself can mimic the symptoms of a worn mechanical rack.
The Role of the Rack and Pinion Assembly
The rack and pinion assembly itself is a robust metal component housed within the front suspension knuckles. Its primary function is the conversion of the rotary motion from the steering shaft into the linear motion required to steer the vehicle. The "rack" is a toothed bar, and the "pinion" is a gear that meshes with it. As the gear turns, it moves the rack side to side, which is connected to the tie rods and subsequently the wheel knuckles. The precision of this metal-on-metal interaction is vital for maintaining proper tire alignment and ensuring a stable ride.
Common Issues and Failure Symptoms
Owners of the 2015 Ford Explorer may encounter specific issues related to the steering system that manifest in distinct ways. Because the system relies on electronic sensors and motors, problems can arise from both the mechanical components and the software controlling them. Recognizing these symptoms early can prevent a complete failure that leaves the vehicle undriveable.
Excessive play or looseness in the steering wheel before the wheels react.
A whining or groaning noise when turning the steering wheel, particularly at low speeds.
The steering wheel feels stiff or requires significant effort to turn.
Illumination of the Electronic Power Steering warning light on the dashboard.
Vehicle drifting or pulling to one side while driving straight.
Visible fluid leaks originating from the steering rack seals.
Diagnostic Procedures and Checks
When faced with the symptoms above, a systematic diagnostic approach is necessary. A mechanic will typically start with a visual inspection of the rack and pinion housing for any signs of fluid seepage, which indicates a seal failure. They will then check the integrity of the wiring harness connected to the steering motor and inspect the condition of the steering angle sensor. Because the system utilizes rack support bushings, checking for wear or cracks in these components is also part of the standard diagnostic routine to isolate the source of the noise or play.
Repair Options and Replacement Considerations
Depending on the diagnosis, the repair path can vary significantly. If the issue is determined to be a faulty electric motor or a wiring harness problem, the repair might be as simple as replacing the motor unit or repairing the wiring. However, if the rack itself is worn due to age or lack of maintenance, a replacement is required. Owners have the option of sourcing a genuine OEM part from Ford or opting for a high-quality aftermarket alternative. Given the integrated nature of the steering gear on this platform, replacement often requires significant labor to access the component.
